Rock-drill.



Patented Sept. l6, I902.

No. 7o9,|9|.

' R. AVERY.

ROCK DRILL.

(Application filed Dec. 21 1901.)

2 Shanta-Sheet I.

(no Model.)

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' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RUSSELL AVERY, OF SAUSALITO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO AVERY DRILL 1 COMPANY, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ACORPORATION OF CALI- FORNIA.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 709,191, dated September 16, 1902,

Application filed December 21. 1901. Serial No. 86,850. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known th'atI, RUSSELL AVERY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Sausalito, county of Marin, State of California, have invented an Improvement in Rock-Drills; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

My invention relates to an apparatus for drilling rock and the like; and it consists in improvements in mechanism for carrying, turning, and reciprocating the drill in conjunction with a flexible connection between this mechanism and means by which the said connection is reciprocated and the mechanism is actuated between the blows delivered upon the drill or its actuating-bar.

My invention also comprises details of construction, which will be more fully explained by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a general perspective exterior view. Fig. 2 is a plan and part section with the top of the case removed. Fig. 3 is a section through a: ocof Fig. 2. Fig. L is a section through y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a section through '0 '2; of Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a transverse sectionthrough z z of Fig. 2.

The object of this invention is to provide an apparatus which is easily and accurately adjustable with the drill so directed as to make the hole in any desired direction, to enable the drill to be withdrawn, moved out of line of the hole, and restored to its proper direction at any time when the drill-hole needs inspection or attention.

It has for its further object a simple mechanism connected by a flexible cord with the person of the one who wields the hammer to strike the drill, so that at each backward swing preparatory to a blow the drill will be slightly raised and turned so as to rest in the new position for each blow, and this work is all eifected by a single operation instead of its being necessary to have any person to hold and turn the drill.

As here illustrated, A is a. case of any suitable or desired form and dimension which will be sufficient to contain the operative mechanism. I have shown this case as closed at the top by a removable cover 2, so that while it is kept clean and tight under ordinary conditions the cover may be removed for inspection or any work required to the interior mechanism.

The drill 3 has its upper end or head secured in any suitable or well-known socket 4, and this socket is carried bya bar 5, which extends through the casing A, so that a blow may be struck upon the opposite end and will be communicated directly to the drill, which is thus advanced in the drill-hole. Through the bar 5 the drill is slightly retracted after each blow, so as to allow it to be turned, as is customary,to prevent the drill sticking-and dothemosteffectivework. This retracting and turning of the drill is effected in the following manner: Upon opposite sides the bar 5 has teeth or notches, as at 6,

and these teeth or notches are engaged by spring-pressed slidable pawls 7, these pawls being located in a pawl-carrier 8, in which they are slidable. The points of the pawls are held against the teeth 6 of the bar by the pressure of light springs 9, which are sufficient to retain them in contact with the teeth, but which will yield easily to allow the drill to advance when blows are struck upon the bar, and as each of the teeth or notches 6 pass the pawls the latter will drop back into the following notches, and thus keep the drill to its work. The pawl-carrier 8 is normally pressed forward by a coiled spring 10, which presses against a flange upon its rear end. Within this pawl-carrier are fulcrumed levers 11, which are in shape of hell-crank levers, having the fulcru med pins at the angle, the longer arms 11 extending radially outward from the pin and the shorter arms ll entering holes 12 in the pawls 7, as plainly shown inFigs. 2 and 5. These levers act to force the pawls tightly against the bar, so as to clamp it at the instant when the levers and the pawl-carrier are moved backwardly by a mechanism to be hereinafter described, and when they are thus clamped and moved backwardly they withdraw the bar and the drill, so that the latter is clear of the bottom of the hole and can then be turned by the mechanism to be described. Theturningiseffectedasfollows: The rope or flexible cord 13 has one end connected with the operator (not here shown) and the other end with the outer end of a lever-arm 14. This lever-arm has its inner end fixed to a shaft 15, and this shaft carries a cam 16, which in the present case is shown to be rectangular in shape and having projecting ribs 17 upon its angles, which ribs contact with the flange of a sleeve 18, which isloosely slidable upon the bar 5. This flange is normally separated from the pawl-carrier 8 by light spiral springs 19, sothat the ends 11 of the levers which engage the pawls 7 will normally project into the space between the flange l8 and the pawl-carrier. When the cam 16 is turned by the movement of the shaft 15, it presses the flange 18 toward the pawl-carrier, and acting upon the projecting arms 11 of the pawls it causes the arms l1 to force the pawls against the teeth of the bar 5, so as to firmly grip the bar, and the further turning of the cam presses both the disk 18 and the pawl-carrier 8 backwardly against the tension of the spring 10. This retracts the bar 5 and the drill 3, which is then turned by the continued turning movement of the shaft 15, actuated by the movement of the lever 14. The movement of the cam 16 is effected by teeth 20, formed around the periphery of the shaft, so that they will engage with spring-pressed pawl-pins 21, which are slidable in the cam 16 and arenorma'lly held pressing against the surface of the shaft by springs, as at'22. Thus when the shaft is turned the tooth 20, engaging with the pawl 21, will cause the cam to turn, and its angle acting against the flange 18 first compresses the spring 19 and, through the levers 11,-

causes the pawl 7 to grip and retract the bar 5. When the highest point of the cam passes and releases the flange 18, the parts are returned to their normal position, and the lever 14 is returned to its normal position by means of a spring 23, coiled about the shaft and having sufficient tension for that purpose. This return of the shaft causes the teeth 20 to slide backwardly beneath the pawl 21 and allow thelatter to engage the next tooth in front. The turning of the drill is effected by means ofthe bevel-gears 24 25, the gear 24 loosely fitting the bar 5, which is slidable through it, and the gear 25 being fixed upon a shaft having a spur-gear 26 upon the opposite end. Thisspur-gearis engaged bya second gear or pinion 27, the hub of which is loosely turnable upon the shaft 15, and within this gear are formed ratchet-teeth, as shown at 28.

29 is a' spring-pressed pin slidable within the hub 14 of the arm 14, and this pin is adapted to engage with the ratchet-teeth 28. The normal position of the pin with relation to any tooth is well shown in the lower portion of Fig. 2, where a part of the gear is broken away and the pin is shown as standing a short distance away from the Vertical portion of the ratchet-tooth. The arrow at this point shows the direction of movement, andthe operation will be as follows: It being necessary to'first retract the drill before it is turned, the distance of the pin 29 from the shoulder of the tooth 28 allows the lever-arm 14 to be moved a short distance, turning the shaft 15 and through the cam 16 and grips and gripping-pawls (previously described) to retract the drill. At this instant the pin 29 will come in contact with the shoulder of the ratchet-tooth 28 and will then commence to revolve the pinion or gear 27, thus communicating motion to 26, and through the gears 25 and 24 it will act to turn the bar 5 and the drill. As soon as the strain upon the cord 13 is released the spring 23 commences to return the shaft 15, and the pin 29 will slide over the inclined surfaces of the ratchet-teeth 28 to take its normal position with relation to the next tooth forward of it. (The relative position of pin 29 to tooth 28is shown in Figs. 2 and The turning of the cam 16 having meanwhile released the bar 5 and allowed the spring 10 to press it forward, the point of the drill will then rest against the bottom of the drill-hole, and the blow, falling upon the head of the bar, impels the drill: The bar 5, passing out through the rear end of the case A, is

slidable through a sleeve 30, and this sleeve,

which is cylindrical, is guided within a second sleeve 31, which is loosely fitted into the opening in the rear of the case. The inner end of the sleeve 30 is screw-threaded and is connected with the pawl-carrier 8 by being screwed to an extension beyond the flange 8*, as shown at 32. The screw 10 is thus compressed between the flange 8 and the inner end of the exterior sleeve 31. In order to provide for adjustments of the tension of this spring, I have shown acircu inferential groove or channel 33 in the end of the case, and lugs 34 on the outer sleeve are adapted to engage this groove or channel.

35 represents open channels transverse to the groove 33 and extending longitudinally through the head of' the case A. When the lowest tension of the spring 10 is required, the sleeve 31 is withdrawn until the rearmost of the lugs 34 can be made to engage with the groove 33. If the tension of the springis to be increased, the sleeve is turned until the lugs 34 are in line with the channel 35. Then the sleeve is pushed inwardly until the rearmost lug 34 is interior to the collar 36 on the casing A, when the sleeve is then turned until its lug 34 engages with the collar, and the spring will have the correspondingly greater tension. When it is desired to move the bar 5 backward after it has been fed forward to the greatest possible distance, the lugs 34 are brought into line with the channel 35, and the sleeves 30 and 31 are withdrawn, so as to relieve any tension of the spring 10. By then pulling the sleeve 30 backwardly it will by its connection with the pawl-carrier 8 withdraw that also until the ends of the pawls '11 contact with the lugs or stops 37 interior 5, thus allowing the bar to be moved back freely ready for a new advance. If the bar and drill are to be removed from the case, it

, is done by pulling out toward the forward end.

l The case A has a transverse sleeve 38 across the lower part, and this is turnable within an exterior clamp 39. l The sleeve 38 is slidable transversely upon a square or other guidingbar 40, which is rigidly fixed with relation to the holeto be drilled. The case. A can be moved by slidint. upon the transverse bar 40, either to bringit in line'with the drill-hole or to take it out of line when desired. When in line with the drill-hole, the casing maybe turned about the sleeve 38, and when the proper direction is obtained the clamp 39 is closed by a nut and screw, so as to firmly grip the sleeve, which latter may also be secured to the bar by a set-screw or other device, and the parts will then be firmly held as long as desired. If access to the drill-hole is required for the purpose of cleaning or for other reason, the parts tnay be retracted and removed to one side without disengagingthe supporting-bar 40.

The drill-bar may be continuous and integral with the drill itself or it may be separate with a con necting-socket. The teeth or serrations maybe madein any manner to insure the proper engagement of the pawls or gripping devices.

I have heretofo e described the mechanism as operated by a flexible cord, which may be connected so as to be actuated by the movements of a single person. who is also the striker, but when increased speed is required there may be a plurality of strikers whose blows are delivered alternately, and a third person whose office is to reciprocate the cord betweenthe blows, either by direct pull or through the intervention of acrank or other mechanical expedient.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is 1 1. Thecombination in a manually-operated drill, ofa casing and a bevel-gear located within the casing through which the drili-bar is guided and slidable, a second bevel-gear mounted upon a transverse shaft engaging the first-named gear, a lever-arm exterior to the casing with connections whereby the gears and drill may be turned by the movement of the lever, acord having one end connected with the duter'end of the lever and the opposite end with the person of the hammerwielder whereby the drill is turned at each backward swing of the body, and a spring by which the lever is returned to its normal position when released.

2. The combination in adrill ofacasing and a bevel-gear through which the drill-bar is guided and slidable, a transverse shaft carrying a bevel-gear engaging the first-named and a spur-gear upon the outer end, a second transverse shaft havinga spur-gear upon its outer end engaging the spur-gear of the first-named shaft, an exterior lever, a cord connecting its outer end with a means to reciprocate it, means connecting theinnerend of the lever with the second shaft whereby said shaft is turned by a forward movement of the lever, and a spring by which the lever and shaft are returned to their normal position when released.

3. The combination in a drill of a casing. a

drill-bar guided and movable therethrough,

bevel-gears through which movement is transmitted to turn the drill, atransverse shaft in the casing, a lever-arm fixed to the outer end of the shaft through which movement is trans- .drill-baris engaged and retracted previous to turning, said mechanism consisting of a transverse shaft carrying the clamp-aotuating cam, a lever fixed upon the outer end of the shaft through which movement is transmitted, a gear and internal ratchet loosely turnable u pop the shaft, a spring-pressed pawl-pin. carried by the lever and movable therewith so that the drill is retracted before the pawl engages the ratchet, and a second gear through which motion is transmitted from the first one to turn the drill.

5. The combination in a drill'of a casing, a drill-bar guided and slidable therethrough, means for retracting the drill previous to turning, consisting of teeth or serrations upon the drill-bar, pawls adapted to engagesaid teeth, means by which said pawls are forced into engagement consisting of a revoluble cam and disk through which movement is transmitted, a shaft by which the cam is carried, a lever-arm fixed to the outer end of the shaft, connections between said lever-arm whereby it is moved,.and the shaft and cam partially rotated, and the spring connected with the shaft by which the parts are returned totheir normal position.

6. The combination in a drill of a casing, a drill the bar of which is guided and slidable therethro ugh, teeth or serrations formed upon the drill-bar, pawls and a carrier within which they are movable, levers engaging said pawls, a cam mounted upon a shaft and turnable therewith, a-disk slidable upon the drill-bar against which disk the cam acts and through which the pawl-levers are actuated, and the pawl caused to grip the drill-bar and the lattor is retracted.

7. The combination in a drill of a casing, a drill, the bar of which is guided and slidable within the casing, a gripping mechanism conrecti on within the can), a spring-pressed pawl "carried by the cam and engaged by the teeth of the shaft when'turnedto advance the cam, and a spring by which the shaft is turned backwardly when impelling pressure is removed.

8. In a drill, a casing, a drill, the bar of which is guided and slidable therein, gripping pawls and levers by which they are forced into contact with the drill-bar, a cam mounted upon a transverse revoluble shaft, and by which the pawl-levers are actuated, pawl-and-ratchet connections between the cam and the shaft upon which it is mounted whereby the cam is advanced when the shaft is turned in one direction and a spring by which the shaft is returned within the cam when the turning pressure is relieved.

9. In a drill, a casing, a drill the bar of- 'which the pawls are caused to grip and retract the drill-bar, a shaft upon which the cam is carried, a spur-gear loosely mount-ed upon the shaft having a ratchet-wheel turnable in unison with it, a lever-arm fixed upon the shaft through which power is transmitted to turn it, a spring-pressed pawl carried by the lever and normally out of operative contact with the ratchet-teeth whereby the shaft and cam are moved before the pawl engages the ratchet, a second spur-gear engaged by the first mounted upon a shaft within the casing, and bevel-gears through which motion is transmitted to turn the drill-bar when the pawl has engaged with the ratchet, and a spring surrounding the first named shaft whereby the shaft and parts carried thereby are returned to their normal position after the pull upon the lever has been released.

10. In a drill, a casing, a drill the bar of which is guided and slidable therein, an oscillatinglever and a transverse shaft to which it is fixed, a cam and gripping-pawls actuated thereby to first retract the drill, spur and bevel gears carried thereby through which motion is transmitted from the shaft to subsequently turn'the drill and a spring acting against the pawl-carriers whereby the drill is forced against the surface to be operatedon when released from its pawls.

11. In a drill, the casing, a drill, the bar of which is guided and slidable within the casing, grippingmechanism by which the drillbar is retracted, and bevel-gears by which it is subsequently turned, a lever, a shaft to which it is connected, and a cam and pawland-ratchet mechanism actuated by said shaft to retract and turn the drill successively, a sleeve extending through the rear of the casing and connected with the pawl-carrier, a second sleeve surrounding the first one and itself movable through the end of the casing, a spiral spring surrounding the first sleeve, with one end pressing against the pawl-car'- rier and the other against the inner end of the outer sleeve, an annular groove in the casing, a lug carried by the outer sleeve, a channel by which it may be moved to engage the groove or the face of the sleeve in front thereof to regulate the tension of the spring.

12. The Combination in a drill of a casing and a bevel-gear through which the drill-bar is guided and slidable, a transverse shaft carrying a bevel-gear engaging the first-named, and a spur-gear upon the outer end, asecond transverse shaft having a spur-gear upon itsouter end engaging the spur-gear of the firstnamed shaft, an exterior lever, acord, one end of which is connected to the outer end of the lever, and the other end with a means by which it may be periodically reciprocated between the drill-impelling blows, means connecting the inner end of the lever with the second shaft, whereby said shaft is turned by a forward movement of the lever, and a spring by which the lever and shaft are returned to their normal position when released.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

RUSSELL AVERY. Witnesses:

S. H. NoURsE, JESSIE G. BRODIE. 

